Methods of reducing the astringency of stannous in dentifrice compositions

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are methods for reducing the astringency of dentifrice composition containing stannous comprising administering to the subject a dentifrice composition comprising stannous. The dentifrice composition comprises stannous ions, poloxamer, and aqueous carriers. The efficacy of this dentifrice composition containing stannous will not be reduced by the poloxamer. The dentifrice composition may also contain a polyphosphate as long as the water content is limited and the stannous ion is not provided from stannous fluoride. The polyphosphate will also not reduce the efficacy of the stannous. Alternatively, the dentifrice composition may be a dual phase composition. The first dentifrice composition will contain a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more and have a limited water content while the second dentifrice composition will contain stannous ions. In the dual phase composition, the poloxamer will be present in the first or second dentifrice compositions or both compositions. Neither the polyphosphate or the poloxamer will reduce the efficacy of the stannous.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/754,577, filed Nov. 21, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,052.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method of reducing the astringency of dentifrice composition containing stannous. The present inventor has discovered that the use of a poloxamer will reduce the astringency, bitterness, and sourness that is associated with stannous. It has also been discovered that certain polyphosphates, in particular, linear polyphosphates with average chain lengths of about 4 or more will also help to reduce the astringency of the stannous. This reduction in astringency occurs without reducing the efficacy of the stannous from either the poloxamer or the polyphosphate.

The term “stannous” as used herein, is defined to mean the stannous that is in a dentifrice. It may refer to the stannous ions that are provided by a stannous salt. Stannous salts which contain stannous ions are commonly known. Stannous has been found to provide antigingivitis and antiplaque benefits. In addition, stannous may also help to improve breath and reduce sensitivity. Dentifrices containing stannous are also known to cause staining on a subject's tooth surface as well as having an astringent feel. The astringency is most noticeable after use of the product. U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,015 describes the use of an oxyethylated reaction product of hydrogenated castor oil to help reduce astringency. To improve consumer acceptance of dentifrice composition containing stannous, additional dentifrice compositions containing the benefits of stannous but without the astringency are needed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of reducing the astringency of dentifrice composition containing stannous by administering to a subject dentifrice composition comprising stannous. The dentifrice composition comprises stannous ions, poloxamer, and aqueous carriers. The efficacy of this dentifrice composition containing stannous will not be reduced by the poloxamer. The dentifrice composition may also contain a polyphosphate as long as the dentifrice has a low water content and does not contain stannous fluoride as the source of stannous ions. The polyphosphate will also not reduce the efficacy of the stannous. Alternatively, the dentifrice composition may be a dual phase composition. The first dentifrice composition will contain a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more and have a low water content and the second dentifrice composition will contain stannous ions. The poloxamer will be present in the first or second dentifrice compositions or both compositions.

These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent from the detailed description which follows.

All percentages used herein are by weight of the specific dentifrice composition, unless otherwise specified. The ratios used herein are molar ratios of the overall composition, unless otherwise specified. All measurements are made at 25° C., unless otherwise specified.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods for reducing the astringency of dentifrice composition containing stannous comprising administering to the subject a dentifrice composition comprising stannous. The dentifrice composition comprises stannous ions, poloxamer, and aqueous carriers. The efficacy of this dentifrice composition containing stannous will not be reduced by the poloxamer. The dentifrice composition may also contain a polyphosphate as long as the water content is limited and the stannous ion is not provided from stannous fluoride. The polyphosphate will also not reduce the efficacy of the stannous. Alternatively, the dentifrice composition may be a dual phase composition. The first dentifrice composition will contain a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more and have a limited water content while the second dentifrice composition will contain stannous ions. In the dual phase composition, the poloxamer will be present in the first or second dentifrice compositions or both compositions. Neither the polyphosphate or the poloxamer will reduce the efficacy of the stannous.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The oral formulation of the present invention may be in the form of a toothpaste or dentifrice. The term “dentifrice”, as used herein, means paste, gel, or liquid formulations unless otherwise specified. The dentifrice composition may be in any desired form, such as deep striped, surface striped, mulitlayered, having the gel surrounding the paste, or any combination thereof.

Each dentifrice composition may be a single phase dentifrice or may be part of a dual phase dentifrice and contained in a physically separated compartment of a dispenser and dispensed side-by-side. The term “dispenser”, as used herein, means any pump, tube, or container suitable for dispensing toothpaste.

The dentifrice composition is a product, which in the ordinary course of administration, is not intentionally swallowed for purposes of systemic administration of particular therapeutic agents, but is rather retained in the oral cavity of a subject for a time sufficient to contact substantially all of the tooth surfaces and/or oral tissues for purposes of oral activity.

The term “aqueous carrier” as used herein means any safe and effective materials for use in the compositions of the present invention. Such materials include fluoride ion sources, anticalculus agents, antibacterial agents, abrasive polishing materials, peroxide sources, alkali metal bicarbonate salts, thickening materials, humectants, water, surfactants, buffering agents, titanium dioxide, flavor system, sweetening agents, coloring agents, and mixtures thereof.

The term “reduced” as used herein means a statistically significant reduction. Therefore, reducing the astringency of dentifrice compositions containing stannous means that the level of astringency noticed by subjects is statistically significantly reduced from a control. Not reducing the efficacy of the stannous means where the efficacy of the stannous is not statistically significantly reduced from a control. A control product containing stannous may be Crest Gum Care.

The present compositions comprise essential components, as well as optional components. The essential and optional components of the compositions of the present invention are described in the following paragraphs.

Stannous Ions

The present invention includes a stannous ion. The stannous ion generally comes from a stannous salt that is added to a dentifrice. Stannous has been found to help in the reduction gingivitis, plaque, sensitivity, and improved breath benefits. The stannous in a dentifrice composition will provide efficacy to a subject using the dentifrice. “Efficacy” is defined as a noticeable amount of reduction in gingivitis as measured by the Plaque Glycolysis Regrowth Model (PGRM). The present inventors have found a way to reducing the astringency caused by the stannous while preventing the efficacy of the stannous from being reduced. Specifically, the efficacy of the stannous is not reduced by the poloxamer or polyphosphate even though they will each reduce the astringency of the stannous. Therefore, the efficacy of the stannous is maintained at a level found in dentifrices containing stannous which are known for reducing gingivitis, such as Crest Gum Care. It has also been found that the polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more will also help to reduce the staining caused by the stannous.

Stannous ions are found in the dentifrice composition in an effective amount. An effective amount is defined as from about 3,000 ppm to about 15,000 ppm. Below 3,000 ppm stannous the efficacy of the stannous is not significant. Preferably, the stannous anion is present in an amount of about 5,000 ppm to about 13,000 ppm and more preferably from about 7,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm. This is the total amount of stannous ion that is delivered to the oral cavity.

Dentifrices containing stannous salts, particularly stannous fluoride and stannous chloride, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,597 to Majeti et al., incorporated herein in its entirety. Other descriptions of stannous salt dentifrices are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,293 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,293. The preferred stannous salts are stannous fluoride and stannous chloride dihydrate. Other stannous salts include stannous acetate. The combined stannous salts will be present in an amount of from about 0.25% to about 11%, by weight of the final composition. Preferably, the stannous salts are present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 7%, more preferably from about 1% to about 5%, and most preferably from about 1.5% to about 4%.

Poloxamer

Poloxamer is classified as a nonionic surfactant. It may also function as a emulsifying agent, binder, stabilizer, and other related functions. Poloxamers are difunctional block-polymers terminating in primary hydroxyl groups with molecular weights ranging from 1,000 to above 15,000. Poloxamers are sold under the tradename of Pluronics by BASF. The most preferred poloxamer for this invention is poloxamer 407. To have a measurable impact on the astringency of the stannous, the poloxamer must be present in an amount of about 5% or more. The reduction of astringency is measured by taste, aftertaste, and astringency comments provided by subjects who brush with the dentifrice composition.

The poloxamer is present in an amount of from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 6% to about 30%, more preferably from about 7% to about 20%, and most preferably from about 8% to about 18%, by weight of the composition. Alternatively, compositions with poloxamer levels of from about 10% or more and about 15% or more may be used. If a dual phase dentifrice is used, the total amount of poloxamer may be from all of the poloxamer being in one phase or from the poloxamer being divided into two phases.

Polyphosphate Source

The present invention may also include a polyphosphate source. Polyphosphates are known to help retard calculus formation. In addition to retarding calculus formation, the present inventor has also found that a polyphosphates having an average chain length of about 4 or more will also help to reduce the astringency of a stannous salt. To produce a stable and efficacious composition containing a polyphosphate, the polyphosphate must be in a composition with a lower water content to prevent the polyphosphate from hydrolyzing. The reduction in astringency will occur if the stannous salt and polyphosphate are in the same phase or are in separate phases and only interact once dispensed on a toothbrush. The poloxamer may also be in the same phase as the polyphosphate or the stannous salt, or all three ingredients may be in the same phase. If stannous fluoride is the stannous salt, the fluoride will react with the polyphosphate. This reaction will cause monofluorophosphate to be formed which inhibits the efficacy of the fluoride and an inhibition of the anti-tartar efficacy of the polyphosphate also results. Therefore, to provide an efficacious formula, the polyphosphate and stannous fluoride should be in separate phases. If the stannous salt is not stannous fluoride, the stannous salt and polyphosphate may be in the same phase.

It is unexpected that a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more would provide this beneficial effect. It has previously been found that pyrophosphates will react with a stannous salt and form a sparingly soluble salt. This will inhibit the efficacy of the stannous salt and likely the anti-tartar efficacy of the pyrophosphate. Therefore, it is unexpected that a polyphosphate with a longer chain length has a beneficial effect of reducing the astringency with the stannous salt.

A polyphosphate is generally understood to consist of two or more phosphate molecules arranged primarily in a linear configuration, although some cyclic derivatives may be present. Although pyrophosphates are a polyphosphate, the polyphosphates desired are those having around four or more phosphate molecules. The pyrophosphates are discussed separately. The inorganic polyphosphate salts desired include tetrapolyphosphate and hexametaphosphate, among others. Polyphosphates larger than tetrapolyphosphate usually occur as amorphous glassy materials. Preferred in this invention are the linear “glassy” polyphosphates having the formula:

XO(XPO₃)_(n)X

wherein X is sodium or potassium and n averages from about 6 to about 125. Preferred are polyphosphates manufactured by FMC Corporation which are commercially known as Sodaphos (n≈6), Hexaphos (n≈13), and Glass H (n≈21). These polyphosphates may be used alone or in an combination thereof.

The phosphate sources are described in more detail in Kirk & Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition, Volume 18, Wiley-Interscience Publishers (1996), incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, including all references incorporated into Kirk & Othmer. The polyphosphate source will typically comprise from about 1% to about 20%, preferably from about 3% to about 17%, more preferably from about 4% to about 15%, and most preferably from about 5% to about 13%, by weight of the dentifrice composition.

For the polyphosphate to have a beneficial effect on the reduction of the astringency of the stannous, the ratio of total moles of polyphosphate anion to total moles of stannous ion should also be controlled. This ratio is from about 0.2:1 to about 5:1, preferably from about 0.5:1 to about 3:1, more preferably from about 0.6:1 to about 2:1 and most preferably from about 0.7:1 to about 1.5:1.

Aqueous Carriers

In preparing the present compositions, it is desirable to add one or more aqueous carriers to the compositions. Such materials are well known in the art and are readily chosen by one skilled in the art based on the physical and aesthetic properties desired for the compositions being prepared. Aqueous carriers typically comprise from about 40% to about 99%, preferably from about 60% to about 98%, more preferably from about 75% to about 97%, and most preferably from about 90% to about 95%, by weight of the dentifrice composition.

Total Water Content

Water employed in the preparation of commercially suitable oral compositions should preferably be of low ion content and free of organic impurities. In the dentifrice composition, water will generally comprise from about 5% to about 70%, and preferably from about 10% to about 50%, by weight of the composition herein. This water content may be in a single phase dentifrice or may be the resulting total water content of a dual phase dentifrice. If the dentifrice composition comprises the polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more, the dentifrice composition will comprise a lower level of water, generally from about 0% water up to about 20% total water. Preferably, the total water content is from about 2% to about 20%, more preferably from about 4% to about 15%, and most preferably from about 5% to about 12%, by weight of the dentifrice composition. The amounts of water include the free water which is added plus that which is introduced with other materials, such as with sorbitol, silica, surfactant solutions, and/or color solutions.

Fluoride Ion Source

The dentifrice compositions of the present invention may incorporate a soluble fluoride source capable of providing free fluoride ions. Soluble fluoride ion sources include sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, indium fluoride, and sodium monofluorophosphate. Stannous fluoride is the most preferred soluble fluoride ion source. This ingredient may serve as both the stannous ion and fluoride ion source. If a polyphosphate having a chain length of about 4 or more is in the same phase as the fluoride ion source, the preferred fluoride ion source is sodium monofluorophosphate. This is because sodium monofluorophosphate has been found to be more stable than other fluoride sources in the presence of a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more. Norris et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,946,725, issued Jul. 26, 1960, and Widder et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,678,154 issued Jul. 18, 1972, disclose such fluoride ion sources as well as others. Both patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The present compositions may contain a soluble fluoride ion source capable of providing from about 50 ppm to about 3500 ppm, and preferably from about 500 ppm to about 3000 ppm of free fluoride ions. To deliver the desired amount of fluoride ions, stannous fluoride may be present in the total dentifrice composition at an amount of from about 0.1% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 1%, and more preferably from about 0.3 to about 0.6%, by weight of the total dentifrice composition.

Buffering Agent

The present compositions may contain a buffering agent. Buffering agents, as used herein, refer to agents that can be used to adjust the pH of the compositions to a range of about pH 3.0 to about pH 10. The phase of the dentifrice containing stannous will typically have a slurry pH of from about 3.0 to about 5.5, preferably from about 3.25 to about 5, and more preferably from about 3.4 to about 4.5. The phase of the dentifrice containing the polyphosphate will typically have a slurry pH of from about 4.0 to about 10, preferably from about 4.5 to about 8, and more preferably from about 5.0 to about 7.0. A dentifrice containing both stannous and polyphosphate in a single phase will typically have a pH of from about 4 to about 7, preferably from about 4.5 to about 6, and more preferably from about 5 to about 5.5.

The buffering agents include alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates, sesquicarbonates, borates, silicates, phosphates, imidazole, and mixtures thereof Specific buffering agents include monosodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate salts, sodium carbonate, imidazole, pyrophosphate salts, citric acid, and sodium citrate. Buffering agents are used at a level of from about 0.1% to about 30%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, and more preferably from about 1.5% to about 3%, by weight of the present composition.

Anticalculus agents

Optional agents to be used in place of or in combination with the polyphosphate include such materials known to be effective in reducing calcium phosphate mineral deposition related to calculus formation. Agents included are pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates, synthetic anionic polymers [including polyacrylates and copolymers of maleic anhydride or acid and methyl vinyl ether (e.g., Gantrez), as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,627,977, to Gaffar et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; as well as, e.g., polyamino propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)], zinc citrate trihydrate, diphosphonates (e.g., EHDP; AHP), polypeptides (such as polyaspartic and polyglutamic acids), and mixtures thereof.

Abrasive Polishing Materials

An abrasive polishing material may also be included in the toothpaste compositions. The abrasive polishing material contemplated for use in the compositions of the present invention can be any material which does not excessively abrade dentin. Typical abrasive polishing materials include silicas including gels and precipitates; aluminas; phosphates including orthophosphates, polymetaphosphates, and pyrophosphates; and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate, insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate, hydrated alumina, beta calcium pyrophosphate, calcium carbonate, and resinous abrasive materials such as particulate condensation products of urea and formaldehyde, and others such as disclosed by Cooley et al in U.S. Pat. No. 3,070,510, issued Dec. 25, 1962, incorporated herein by reference. Mixtures of abrasives may also be used. If the dentifrice composition or particular phase comprises a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more, calcium containing abrasives and alumina are not preferred abrasives. The most preferred abrasive is silica.

Silica dental abrasives of various types are preferred because of their unique benefits of exceptional dental cleaning and polishing performance without unduly abrading tooth enamel or dentine. The silica abrasive polishing materials herein, as well as other abrasives, generally have an average particle size ranging between about 0.1 to about 30 microns, and preferably from about 5 to about 15 microns. The abrasive can be precipitated silica or silica gels such as the silica xerogels described in Pader et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,538,230, issued Mar. 2, 1970, and DiGiulio, U.S. Pat. No. 3,862,307, issued Jan. 21, 1975, both incorporated herein by reference. Preferred are the silica xerogels marketed under the trade name “Syloid” by the W. R. Grace & Company, Davison Chemical Division. Also preferred are the precipitated silica materials such as those marketed by the J. M. Huber Corporation under the trade name, “Zeodent”, particularly the silica carrying the designation “Zeodent 119”. The types of silica dental abrasives useful in the toothpastes of the present invention are described in more detail in Wason, U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,583, issued Jul. 29, 1982, incorporated herein by reference. Silica abrasives described in Rice, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,589,160; 5,603,920; 5,651,958; 5,658,553; and 5,716,601; are also herein incorporated by reference. The abrasive in the toothpaste compositions described herein is generally present at a level of from about 6% to about 70% by weight of the composition. Preferably, toothpastes contain from about 10% to about 50% of abrasive, by weight of the dentifrice composition.

Peroxide Source

The present invention may include a peroxide source in the dentifrice composition. The peroxide source is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, urea peroxide, and mixtures thereof. The preferred peroxide source is calcium peroxide. The following amounts represent the amount of peroxide raw material, although the peroxide source may contain ingredients other than the peroxide raw material. The present composition may contain from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%, and most preferably from about 0.3% to about 0.8% of a peroxide source, by weight of the dentifrice composition.

Alkali Metal Bicarbonate Salt

The present invention may also include an alkali metal bicarbonate salt. Alkali metal bicarbonate salts are soluble in water and unless stabilized, tend to release carbon dioxide in an aqueous system. Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is the preferred alkali metal bicarbonate salt. The alkali metal bicarbonate salt also functions as a buffering agent. The present composition may contain from about 0.5% to about 50%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 30%, more preferably from about 2% to about 20%, and most preferably from about 5% to about 18% of an alkali metal bicarbonate salt, by weight of the dentifrice composition.

Additional Aqueous Carriers

The present invention compositions in the form of toothpastes, typically contain some thickening material or binders to provide a desirable consistency. Preferred thickening agents are carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenan, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as gum karaya, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth can also be used. Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica can be used as part of the thickening agent to further improve texture. Thickening agents can be used in an of amount from about 0.1% to about 15%, by weight of the dentifrice composition.

Another optional component of the compositions desired herein is a humectant. The humectant serves to keep toothpaste compositions from hardening upon exposure to air and certain humectants can also impart desirable sweetness of flavor to toothpaste compositions. Suitable humectants for use in the invention include glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, xylitol, and other edible polyhydric alcohols. The humectant generally comprises from about 0% to 70%, and preferably from about 15% to 55%, by weight of the composition.

The present compositions may also comprise surfactants, also commonly referred to as sudsing agents. Surfactants, in addition to the nonionic surfactant poloxamer, may also be incorporated into the present dentifrice composition. Suitable surfactants are those which are reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH range. The surfactant may be anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, cationic, or mixtures thereof. Anionic surfactants useful herein include the water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical (e.g., sodium alkyl sulfate) and the water-soluble salts of sulfonated monoglycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. Sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfonates are examples of anionic surfactants of this type. Other suitable anionic surfactants are sarcosinates, such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, taurates, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium laureth carboxylate, and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Mixtures of anionic surfactants can also be employed. Many suitable anionic surfactants are disclosed by Agricola et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,959,458, issued May 25, 1976, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. Nonionic surfactants which can be used in the compositions of the present invention can be broadly defined as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkyl-aromatic in nature. Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (sold under trade name Tweens), Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated caster oil, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, products derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine, ethylene oxide condensates of aliphatic alcohols, long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides, long chain dialkyl sulfoxides, and mixtures of such materials. The amphoteric surfactants useful in the present invention can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be a straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Other suitable amphoteric surfactants are betaines, specifically cocamidopropyl betaine. Mixtures of amphoteric surfactants can also be employed. Many of these suitable nonionic and amphoteric surfactants are disclosed by Gieske et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,234, issued Sep. 27, 1977, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The present composition typically comprises one or more surfactants each at a level of from about 0.25% to about 12%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%, and most preferably from about 1% to about 6%, by weight of the composition.

Titanium dioxide may also be added to the present composition. Titanium dioxide is a white powder which adds opacity to the compositions. Titanium dioxide generally comprises from about 0.25% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.

Coloring agents may also be added to the present composition. The coloring agent may be in the form of an aqueous solution, preferably 1% coloring agent in a solution of water. Color solutions generally comprise from about 0.01% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.

A flavor system can also be added to the compositions. Suitable flavoring components include oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, clove bud oil, menthol, anethole, methyl salicylate, eucalyptol, cassia, 1-menthyl acetate, sage, eugenol, parsley oil, oxanone, alpha-irisone, marjoram, lemon, orange, propenyl guaethol, cinnamon, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, heliotropine, 4-cis-heptenal, diacetyl, methyl-para-tert-butyl phenyl acetate, and mixtures thereof Coolants may also be part of the flavor system. Preferred coolants in the present compositions are the paramenthan carboxyamide agents such as N-ethyl-p-menthan-3-carboxamide (known commercially as “WS-3”) and mixtures thereof. A flavor system is generally used in the compositions at levels of from about 0.001% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.

Sweetening agents can be added to the compositions. These include saccharin, dextrose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, xylitol, levulose, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, D-tryptophan, dihydrochalcones, acesulfame, and mixtures thereof. Various coloring agents may also be incorporated in the present invention. Sweetening agents and coloring agents are generally used in toothpastes at levels of from about 0.005% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.

The present invention may also include other agents, such as antimicrobial agents. Included among such agents are water insoluble non-cationic antimicrobial agents such as halogenated diphenyl ethers, phenolic compounds including phenol and its homologs, mono and poly-alkyl and aromatic halophenols, resorcinol and its derivatives, bisphenolic compounds and halogenated salicylanilides, benzoic esters, and halogenated carbanilides. The water soluble antimicrobials include quaternary ammonium salts and bis-biquanide salts, among others. Triclosan monophosphate is an additional water soluble antimicrobial agent. The quaternary ammonium agents include those in which one or two of the substitutes on the quaternary nitrogen has a carbon chain length (typically alkyl group) from about 8 to about 20, typically from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms while the remaining substitutes (typically alkyl or benzyl group) have a lower number of carbon atoms, such as from about 1 to about 7 carbon atoms, typically methyl or ethyl groups. Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecylpyridinium chloride, domiphen bromide, N-tetradecyl-4-ethyl pyridinium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl (2-phenoxyethyl) ammonium bromide, benzyl dimethylstearyl ammonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, quaternized 5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)-5-methyl hexa hydropyrimidine, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and methyl benzethonium chloride are examplary of typical quaternary ammonium antibacterial agents. Other compounds are bis[4-(R-amino)-1-pyridinium] alkanes as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,206,215, issued Jun. 3, 1980, to Bailey, incorporated herein by reference. Other antimicrobials such as copper bisglycinate, copper glysinate, zinc citrate, and zinc lactate may also be included. Also useful are enzymes, including endoglycosidase, papain, dextranase, mutanase, and mixtures thereof. Such agents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,946,725, Jul. 26, 1960, to Norris et al. and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,234, Sep. 27, 1977 to Gieske et al., incorporated herein by reference. Specific antimicrobial agents include chlorhexidine, triclosan, triclosan monophosphate, and flavor oils such as thymol. Triclosan and other agents of this type are disclosed in Parran, Jr. et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,466, issued May 14, 1991, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,220, Jan. 16, 1990 to Nabi et al., incorporated herein by reference. The water insoluble antimicrobial agents, water soluble agents, and ezymes may be present in either the first or second dentifrice compsoitions. The quaternary ammonium agents, stannous salts, and substituted guanidines are preferably present in the second dentifrice composition. These agents may be present at levels of from about 0.01% to about 1.5%, by weight of the dentifrice composition.

The dentifrice compositions may be a paste, gel, or any configuration or combination thereof. If a dual phase dentifrice composition is desired, the first and second dentifrice compositions will be physically separated in a dentifrice dispenser. It is then preferred that one of the dentifrice composition be a paste and the other dentifrice composition be a gel. The dispenser may be a tube, pump, or any other container suitable for dispensing toothpaste. Dual compartment packages suitable for this purpose are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,528,180, issued Jul. 9, 1985; U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,663, issued Aug. 18, 1987; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,849,213, issued Jul. 18, 1989, all to Shaeffer, all incorporated herein in their entirety. The dispenser will deliver approximately equal amounts of each dentifrice composition through an opening. The compositions may intermix once dispensed. Alternatively, the oral formulation may be delivered from a kit containing two separate dispensers which are used to deliver two dentifrice compositions that are both used simultaneously.

Method of Treatment

The present invention relates to a method of reducing the astringency of dentifrice compositions containing stannous. A dentifrice composition containing stannous typically has a strong astringent taste. Each subject using the dentifrice may notice a different degree of astringency. The present invention is a method to reduce the level of astringency that is noticed by a subject using a dentifrice composition containing stannous. This method may not eliminate the astringency completely, but it will significantly reduce the level of astringency. The method of reducing the astringency of dentifrice compositions containing stannous comprises administering to the subject a dentifrice composition comprising stannous. Alternatively, the method may include preparing a dentifrice composition containing stannous and having a subject use the dentifrice composition comprising the stannous. The term “administer” is defined as using the dentifrice by any retention of the dentifrice composition in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact substantially all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues for purposes of oral activity. Typically, the administration is from brushing with the dentifrice or from rinsing with a dentifrice slurry. A subject is defined as any person or animal who uses the dentifrice composition.

EXAMPLES & METHOD OF MANUFACTURING

The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the scope of the present invention. These examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope.

Example I

First Dentifrice Composition Second Dentifrice Composition Ingredient Wt. % Ingredient Wt. % Carboxymethylcellulose 0.700 Color 0.200 Water 11.500 Water 33.800 Flavor 0.900 Flavor 0.900 Glycerin 7.000 Glycerin 41.500 Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose 0.400 Poloxamer 407 21.000 Sorbitol 39.596 Xylitol 2.200 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 6.000 Sodium Saccharin 0.400 Silica 28.000 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 0.800 Sodium Saccharin 0.400 Sodium Gluconate 2.100 Stannous Chloride 2.100 Stannous Fluoride 0.454 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

The first dentifrice composition is made as follows: Add the water, sorbitol, and saccharin to a mixing vessel and heat to at least 50° C. Add the sodium gluconate and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous fluoride and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous chloride and mix until completely dissolved. Add sodium hydroxide and mix until neutralization is complete. Disperse carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose in glycerin. Add this glycerin slurry to the mixing vessel and mix well. Next add silica. Mix well. Cool the mixing vessel to less than 30° C. and add the flavor and sodium lauryl sulphate. Mix until homogeneous.

The second dentifrice composition is made as follows: Add water, glycerin, saccharin and xylitol to the main mix vessel and heat to at least 60° C. Add poloxamer, color and flavor and mix until poloxamer dissolves. Cool batch to less than 30° C.

Example II

First Dentifrice Composition Second Dentifrice Composition Ingredient Wt. % Ingredient Wt. % Carboxymethylcellulose 0.500 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 1.000 Water 2.768 Color 0.300 Flavor 1.000 Water 21.840 Glycerin 36.432 Flavor 1.000 Polyethylene Glycol 1.500 Glycerin 28.992 Propylene Glycol 8.000 Sodium Gluconate 4.160 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 4.000 Stannous Chloride 3.000 Silica 28.000 Silica 23.000 Benzoic Acid 0.600 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Sodium Benzoate 0.600 Poloxamer 15.500 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Stannous Fluoride 0.908 Titanium Dioxide 1.000 Xanthan Gum 0.300 Glass H Polyphosphate 15.000 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

Example III

First Dentifrice Composition Second Dentifrice Composition Ingredient Wt. % Ingredient Wt. % Carboxymethylcellulose 0.500 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 0.746 Water 2.768 Color 0.300 Flavor 1.000 Water 21.840 Glycerin 32.200 Flavor 1.000 Benzoic Acid 0.600 Glycerin 31.016 Propylene Glycol 8.000 Sodium Gluconate 3.290 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 8.000 Stannous Chloride 2.100 Silica 19.232 Silica 23.000 Polyoxyl 40 2.500 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Polyoxyethylene 0.500 Stannous Fluoride 0.908 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Poloxamer 407 15.500 Titanium Dioxide 1.000 Xanthan Gum 0.300 Glass H Polyphosphate 21.000 Polyethylene Glycol 1.500 Sodium Benzolate 0.600 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

Example IV

First Dentifrice Composition Second Dentifrice Composition Ingredient Wt. % Ingredient Wt. % Carboxymethylcellulose 0.500 Stannous Chloride 1.200 Water 2.768 Color 0.300 Flavor 1.000 Water 21.840 Glycerin 32.200 Flavor 1.000 Polyoxyethylene 0.500 Glycerin 33.032 Propylene Glycol 8.000 Sodium Gluconate 2.420 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 8.000 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 0.500 Silica 22.232 Silica 23.000 Polyoxyl 40 2.500 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Sodium Benzoate 0.600 Poloxamer 15.500 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Stannous Fluoride 0.908 Titanium Dioxide 1.000 Xanthan Gum 0.300 Glass H Polyphosphate 18.000 Polyethylene Glycol 1.500 Benzoic Acid 0.600 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

Example V

First Dentifrice Composition Second Dentifrice Composition Ingredient Wt. % Ingredient Wt. % Carboxymethylcellulose 0.500 Stannous Chloride 1.200 Water 4.500 Color 0.300 Flavor 1.000 Water 21.840 Glycerin 32.200 Flavor 1.000 Polyoxyethylene 0.500 Glycerin 33.032 Propylene Glycol 10.000 Sodium Gluconate 2.420 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 6.000 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 0.500 Silica 25.000 Silica 23.000 Poloxamer 407 3.000 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Sodium Benzoate 0.600 Poloxamer 15.500 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Stannous Fluoride 0.908 Titanium Dioxide 1.000 Xanthan Gum 0.300 Glass H Polyphosphate 12.000 Polyethylene Glycol 2.500 Benzoic Acid 0.600 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

Examples II, III, IV, and V are prepared as follows. The first dentifrice compositions are prepared by adding the water, sodium benzoate and saccharin to a mixing vessel. Disperse carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum and polyoxyethylene (if used) in glycerin. Add this glycerin slurry to the mixing vessel, mixing well and heating to at least 40° C. Dissolve the benzoic acid in a mixture of flavor, propylene glycol, poloxamer (if used), sodium lauryl sulphate and polyethylene glycol, then add to the mixing vessel. Next add titanium dioxide and silica. Mix well. Cool the mixing vessel to less than 30° C. and add the polyphosphate. Mix until homogeneous.

The second dentifrice compositions are prepared as follows. Add water, color, and glycerin to the main mix vessel and heat to at least 50° C. Add the sodium gluconate and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous fluoride and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous chloride and mix until completely dissolved. Add sodium hydroxide, saccharin and silica and mix well. Add poloxamer and flavor and mix until poloxamer dissolves. Cool batch to less than 30° C.

Example VI

Ingredient Wt. % Stannous Fluoride 0.454 Water 21.866 Flavor 1.000 Glycerin 29.000 Poloxamer 407 15.500 Stannous Chloride 1.500 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 4.000 Silica 23.000 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 1.000 Sodium Gluconate 2.080 Sodium Saccharin 0.300 Color 0.300 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

Example VI is prepared as follows: Add the water, color, glycerin and saccharin to a mixing vessel. And heat to at least 50° C. Add the sodium gluconate and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous fluoride and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous chloride and mix until completely dissolved. Add sodium hydroxide and mix until the neutralization is complete. Next add silica and mix well. Add the poloxamer and flavor and mix until the poloxamer dissolves. Cool the mixing vessel to less than 30° C. and add the sodium lauryl sulphate. Mix until homogeneous.

Example VII

Ingredient Wt. % Stannous Fluoride 0.454 Water 21.466 Flavor 1.000 Glycerin 12.000 Poloxamer 407 8.000 Stannous Chloride 1.500 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 4.000 Silica 29.000 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 0.800 Sodium Gluconate 2.080 Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose 0.300 Xanthan Gum 0.400 Polyethylene Glycol 3.000 Polyoxyethylene 0.500 Sorbitol 14.500 Sodium Saccharin 0.400 Titanium Dioxide 0.600 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

Example VII is prepared as follows: Add the water, sorbitol and saccharin to a mixing vessel. And heat to at least 50° C. Add the sodium gluconate and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous fluoride and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous chloride and mix until completely dissolved. Add sodium hydroxide and mix until the neutralization is complete. Disperse hydroxyethyl cellulose, xanthan gum and polyoxyethylene in glycerin and polyethylene glycol. Add this slurry to the mixing vessel, mixing well. Next add silica and titanium dioxide and mix well. Add the poloxamer and flavor and mix until the poloxamer dissolves. Cool the mixing vessel to less than 30° C. and add the sodium lauryl sulphate. Mix until homogeneous.

Example VIII

Ingredient Wt. % Stannous Fluoride 0.454 Water 29.566 Flavor 1.000 Glycerin 37.700 Poloxamer 407 22.000 Stannous Chloride 1.500 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate^((a)) 4.000 Sodium Hydroxide^((b)) 1.000 Sodium Gluconate 2.080 Sodium Saccharin 0.400 Color 0.300 ^((a))27.9% solution ^((b))50% solution

Example VIII is prepared as follows: Add the water, color, glycerin and saccharin to a mixing vessel. And heat to at least 50° C. Add the sodium gluconate and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous fluoride and mix until completely dissolved. Add stannous chloride and mix until completely dissolved. Add sodium hydroxide and mix until the neutralization is complete. Add the poloxamer and flavor and mix until the poloxamer dissolves. Cool the mixing vessel to less than 30° C. and add the sodium lauryl sulphate. Mix until homogeneous. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of reducing astringency of a dentifrice composition containing stannous for administration to a subject, comprising including in said dentifrice composition: a. an effective amount of a stannous ion; b. from about 5% to about 50% of poloxamer; and c. from about 40% to about 90% of aqueous carriers; wherein the efficacy of the stannous ion in the dentifrice is not reduced by the poloxamer.
 2. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 1 wherein the stannous ion is present in an amount of from about 3,000 ppm to about 15,000 ppm.
 3. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 2 wherein the stannous ion is provided from stannous fluoride.
 4. A method of reducing astringency of stannous according to claim 3 wherein the stannous ion is additionally provided from stannous chloride dihydrate.
 5. A method of reducing astringency of stannous according to claim 4 wherein the aqueous carriers are materials selected from the groups consisting of fluoride ion sources, anticalculus agents, antibacterial agents, surfactants, thickening materials, humectants, water, buffering agents, titanium dioxide, flavor systems, sweetening agents, coloring agents, and mixtures thereof.
 6. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 1 wherein the dentifrice composition is a dual Phase dentifrice comprising a first dentifrice composition and a second dentifrice composition, wherein said first dentifrice composition comprises: a. an effective amount of a stannous ion; b. from about 5% to about 50% of poloxamer; and c. from about 40% to about 90% of aqueous carriers.
 7. A method of reducing astringency of stannous according to claim 6 wherein said second dentifrice composition of the dual phase dentifrice comprises an effective amount of a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more and has a total water content of up to about 20% total water, 5 wherein the molar ratio of polyphosphate anion to stannous ion is from about 0.2:1 to about 5:1.
 8. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 7 wherein the polyphosphate is in an amount of from about 1% to about 20%.
 9. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 8 wherein the polyphosphate has a chain length of 6 or more.
 10. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 9 wherein the polyphosphate is selected from the group consisting of linear “glassy” polyphosphates having the formula XO(XPO₃)_(n)X wherein X is sodium or potassium and n averages from about 6 to about
 21. 11. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 10 wherein the molar ratio of polyphosphate anion to stannous ion is from about 0.5:1 to about 3:1.
 12. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 11 wherein the second dentifrice composition has a total water content of from about 2% water to about 20%.
 13. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 12 wherein the polyphosphate is Glass H.
 14. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 1 wherein the dentifrice further comprises an effective amount of a polyphosphate having an average chain length of about 4 or more, wherein the dentifrice composition has a total water content of up to about 20% total water, the 5 stannous ion is not delivered from stannous fluoride, a molar ratio of polyphosphate anion to stannous ion is from about 0.2:1 to about 5:1, and the polyphosphate does not reduce the efficacy of the stannous ion in the dentifrice.
 15. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 14 wherein the polyphosphate is in an amount of from about 1% to about 20%.
 16. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 15 wherein the stannous ion is present in an amount of from about 3,000 ppm to about 15,000 ppm.
 17. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 16 wherein the polyphosphate has a chain length of 6 or more.
 18. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 17 wherein the polyphosphate is selected from the group consisting of linear “glassy” polyphosphates having the formula XO(XPO₃)_(n)X wherein X is sodium or potassium and n averages from about 6 to about
 21. 19. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 18 wherein the molar ratio of polyphosphate anion to stannous ion is from about 0.5:1 to about 3:1.
 20. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 19 wherein the dentifrice composition has a total water content of from about 2% water to about 20%.
 21. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 20 wherein the polyphosphate is Glass H.
 22. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 21 wherein the dentifrice composition further comprises aqueous carriers which are materials selected from the groups consisting of fluoride ion sources, anticalculus agents, antibacterial agents, surfactants, thickening materials, humectants, water, buffering agents, titanium dioxide, flavor systems, sweetening agents, coloring agents, and mixtures thereof.
 23. A method of reducing astringency of stannous according to claim 22 wherein the stannous ion is provided from stannous chloride dihydrate.
 24. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 23 wherein the dentifrice further comprises sodium monofluorphosphate.
 25. A method of reducing astringency of a dual-phase dentifrice composition containing stannous for administration to a subject, comprising including in said dentifrice composition contained in physically separated compartments of a dentifrice dispenser: a. a first dentifrice composition comprising an effective amount of one or more linear polyphosphates having an average chain length of about 4 or more and from about 5% to about 50% of a poloxamer, wherein the first dentifrice composition has a total water content of up to about 20%; and b. a second dentifrice composition comprising an effective amount of stannous ions; wherein a molar ratio of polyphosphate anion to stannous ion is from about 0.2:1 to about 5:1 and the efficacy of the stannous ion in the dentifrice is not reduced by the poloxamer or the polyphosphate.
 26. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 25 wherein the polyphosphate is in an amount of from about 1% to about 20%.
 27. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 26 wherein the stannous ion is present in an amount of from about 3,000 ppm to about 15,000 ppm.
 28. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 27 wherein the polyphosphate has a chain length of 6 or more.
 29. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 28 wherein the polyphosphate is selected from the group consisting of linear “glassy” polyphosphates having the formula XO(XPO₃)_(n)X wherein X is sodium or potassium and n averages from about 6 to about
 21. 30. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 29 wherein the stannous ion is provided from stannous fluoride.
 31. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 30 wherein the stannous ion is also provided from stannous chloride dihydrate.
 32. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 31 wherein the molar ratio of polyphosphate anion to stannous ion is from about 0.5:1 to about 3:1.
 33. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 32 wherein the first dentifrice composition has a total water content of from about 2% water to about 20%.
 34. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 33 wherein the polyphosphate is Glass H.
 35. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 34 wherein the dentifrice composition further comprises aqueous carriers which are materials selected from the groups consisting of fluoride ion sources, anticalculus agents, antibacterial agents, surfactants, thickening materials, humectants, water, buffering agents, titanium dioxide, flavor systems, sweetening agents, coloring agents, and mixtures thereof.
 36. A method of reducing astringency according to claim 35 wherein the second dentifrice additionally comprises from about 5% to about 50% poloxamer. 